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Church of San Pietro Extra Moenia

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At the foot of Monte Luco, near the southern entrance to the city, there is what is considered by many to be one of the most beautiful Romanesque churches in the whole of Umbria. The Church of San Pietro Extra Moenia was erected at the request of the Spoletan Bishop Achilleo, in a cemetery area already used in the 7th century for the burial of bishops (in fact many tombstones are preserved inside the building). The church underwent numerous renovations over the centuries but its current appearance is due to the works carried out between the 12th and 13th centuries, the period when the precious decorative designs of the façade were done. The alternation of horizontal cornices and vertical pilasters creates a series of panels decorated with bas-reliefs of the most diverse subjects that give the façade a unique look, of Romanesque style but with Renaissance elegance. The church is accessed up a wide seventeenth-century staircase that leads to the three doors, the central one flanked by lions, the two lateral ones by rams. There are bas-reliefs on the architrave of the central door and all around it showing the Tree of Life and other symbolic elements such as a deer devouring a snake, the peacock, symbol of resurrection, and scenes of men at work. On either side of the main door there are rectangular panels containing scenes relating to the life of St. Peter. In the upper left panel, one can see the following scenes: the washing of the feet and the summoning of Peter and Andrew by Christ; the other panels show symbolic scenes related to the Christian religion and medieval fables: the death of the righteous, the death of the sinner, the lion and the woodcutter, the fake dead fox, some crows, the student wolf and the ram, the lion and the dragon. Every figure has a symbolic meaning related to religious teachings in the Middle Ages: repentance at the moment of death that saves sinners from eternal damnation, the fox as a symbol of Satan who pretends to be something he is not to attract the souls of men represented by crows, and so on. Above the side doors with architraves and decorated with a round arch, there are two panels depicting Saint Michael the Archangel killing the dragon and a bishop saint. The upper part has three rose windows, the central one with a Cosmati frame and symbols of the four evangelists. Finally, in the central tympanum, a rectangular panel was created which was perhaps supposed to house a decorative mosaic that was never made. Inside, the building is divided into three aisles with aspes, separated by pillars that support round arches leading to lateral chapels with elaborate altars. The beautiful elliptical dome above the interior is one of a kind in Umbria. Inside there are works of art by different artists from the 12th to the 17th centuries.

 

 

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